Investigation of the physicochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties of a resin-based pulp capping material incorporated with calcium fructoborate-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles

BALKAYA H., DEMİRBUĞA S., DAYAN S., Ildız N., BEKCİ H.

Dental Materials, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.06.019
  • Journal Name: Dental Materials
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, EMBASE, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Cytotoxicity, Hard tissue formation, Pulp capping material, Solubility, Stem cell differentiation, Water absorption
  • Kayseri University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties of a resin-based pulp capping material incorporating calcium fructoborate-loaded mesoporous silica (SBA-15). Methods: In the study, calcium fructoborate was loaded into mesoporous silica and then incorporated into the resin-based pulp capping material at concentrations of 3 % and 5 % by weight. The study groups were defined as follows: the group without calcium fructoborate-loaded SBA-15 (Control), the group containing 3 % calcium fructoborate-loaded SBA-15 (%3 CF@SBA-15), and the group containing 5 % calcium fructoborate-loaded SBA-15 (%5 CF@SBA-15). The resulting experimental capping materials were then tested for water absorption, solubility, monomer conversion, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and stem cell differentiation. Results: The addition of CF@SBA-15 significantly reduced the material's water absorption (p < 0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of solubility and monomer conversion (p > 0.05). As the CF@SBA-15 concentration in the material increased, the antibacterial activity against both S. mutans and L. casei significantly improved (p < 0.05). The addition of 3 % and 5 % CF@SBA-15 significantly increased the biocompatibility (p < 0.05). The 5 % CF@SBA-15 group exhibited statistically significantly the highest stem cell differentiation potential, followed by the 3 % CF@SBA-15 group and the control group (p < 0.05). When compared to the control medium, the differentiation level in the CF@SBA-15-containing groups was higher (p < 0.05). Significance: The incorporation of CF@SBA-15 significantly enhanced the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of the resin-based pulp capping materials. Furthermore, the influence of CF@SBA-15 on stem cell differentiation and its potential to support hard tissue formation in these materials shows promising results.