Purpose: Industry 4.0 aims to examine the situation of selected countries and Turkey in the technological transformation process, theoretically and practically. Methodology: Stationarity analyzes; LLC, IPS, Fisher ADF and Fisher PP panel unit root tests with, panel regression analysis; pooled panel data method, fixed effects method and random effects method, causality analyses were performed using the Granger panel causality test. Findings: In the Hausa test, it was determined that the results obtained by the random effects method were more valid. In the 21 countries included in the analysis, the GII level of the countries decreased by 0,05% in the period 2013-2019, when the RDE increased by 1%. When the RDP increased by 1%, the GII of the countries increased by 0,06%. The GII of countries increased by 0,09% when the GDPPC increased by 1%. While HDI increased by 1%, countries ‘ GII levels increased by 0,99%. As a result of the Panel Granger Causality test; One-way causality relationships from RDE, HDI and GDPPC to GII, reciprocal causality between RDP and GII, and one-way causality from HDI to RDP were determined. Originality: It is expected that this empirical study on Industry 4.0 will make a contribution to the literature, as it differs from the studies carried out with the subject, the way it examines the subject and the detailed empirical analyzes carried out. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Innovation Level, R&D Expenditures, R&D Personnel, Human Development Level.